Kukho iintlobo ezintathu ishishini kwiqumrhu Russia: limited eyimali iinkampani (LLC) (Russian, OOO), edibeneyo-stock iinkampani (JSC), kwaye partnershipsZokuqala ezimbini ezi nkampani edibeneyo-stock iinkampani (ukuba ngabo umnini zabo shareholders) kwaye kufuneka limited eyimali (amahlakani ngabo kuphela kuba netyala yenkampani amatyala ukuba ubuso ixabiso izahlulo). Kukho iindidi ezimbini Russian edibeneyo-stock iinkampani, uluntu ('vula') kwaye abucala ('ezivaliweyo'). Founders a edibeneyo-stock inkampani umqondiso a kwisivumelwano esibhaliweyo kuba yayo ukumiselwa kwebandla. Esi sivumelwano useka iinkqubo yokwenza i company, ezifana ubungakanani wagunyazisa eyinkunzi, iintlobo kwaye iindidi izahlulo, iindleko izahlulo, ukuze settling intlawulo kwaye amalungelo noxanduva founders.
Esi sivumelwano kwangoko uba - umbutho umqulu we, apho iqulathe ulwazi egameni lenkampani, iindawo ii-ofisi, uhlobo inkampani okanye private ivaliwe, ngokunjalo nezinye ethile, ulwazi izahlulo, imali eyinkunzi, njalo njalo.
I company izahlulo allotted phezu founding i company kufuneka ngokupheleleyo imali ngaphakathi ngonyaka ukususela yenkampani foundation, ngaphandle kokuba shorter ixesha ulindeleke ukuba yi-founding zengqesho. Nangona kunjalo, at noko nesiqingatha i-izahlulo kufuneka kuhlawulwa zingaphelanga iinyanga ezintathu, iqala kwi urhulumente kubhaliswe inkampani. Nangona i-share leyo ibisoloko ihlawulwe akusebenzi necessarily nika voting amalungelo ayo umnini. Edibeneyo-stock iinkampani ezifunekayo ukuze ubhalise lo mba izahlulo nge-Russian Federal Securities Kwimakethi Ikhomishini, ngoko ke izahlulo kusenokuba traded noba kuwonke-wonke okanye phakathi a limited inani abantu. Kuba ubhaliso, misela lwamaxwebhu kufuneka singeniswe FSMC, kwaye inkqubo idla kuthatha kwiintsuku ezingamashumi amathathu ukuba enact. Vula edibeneyo-stock inkampani yi isemthethweni iqumrhu apho izahlulo zibe esidlangalaleni traded ngaphandle imvume ezinye shareholders. I-OAO unako wabe yayo izahlulo kwi-i-unlimited inani shareholders kwaye uzithengise ngaphandle kwezixhobo zokusebenza. Ezivaliweyo edibeneyo-stock inkampani yi isemthethweni iqumrhu abantliziyo izahlulo zisasazwa phakathi a limited inani shareholders - ubukhulu. I-statutory ubuncinane umqulu we-eyinkunzi ngu, Russian roubles Kwi-Russia, i-JSC kusenokuba ngokupheleleyo okanye iifayile umnini - federal urhulumente. Ezinjalo JSCs zahlukile ukusuka kolunye uhlobo imeko-controlled inkampani, unitary yeshishini (yokusasaza ngeenjongo zokurhweba umbutho ukuba isebenza imeko-owned impahla yexabiso). Imeko-owned JSCs musa owakhe okanye ukusebenza nayiphi na imeko ipropati kwaye urhulumente izenzo njengathi i-nokuqheleka zabelo. Abanye imeko-owned yoluntu amakhulu baba formerly ii-arhente zikarhulumente kwi-Soviet Union ezaye reorganized kwi ngokupheleleyo imeko-owned JSCs kwi ukuze kuphengululwa ngokusesikweni transition ukuya ngokupheleleyo shishini elizimeleyo. Ulawulo kwaye ibhodi abalawuli kwi-enjalo imeko-owned amakhulu baba wonyulwa Libhunga lomgaqo-Mphathiswa urhulumente, kwaye oku kubandakanya phezulu amagosa karhulumente kunye nabaphathiswa. Oyena ezinjalo amakhulu baba xa kuqaliswayo idityaniswe njengoko Russian edibeneyo-stock iinkampani (Russian, ishunqulwe njengoko RAO). Eyona ezaziwayo imizekelo baba RAO UES kwaye RAO Gazprom Kodwa baya kuba ukususela sele iguqulelwe kwi uluntu JSCs, nkqu nokuba zabo izahlulo bahlala propati urhulumente.
Ngaphantsi ebalulekileyo JSCs, okanye JSCs kuphela iifayile umnini urhulumente, ingaba zilawulwe ngokusebenzisa Federal-Arhente kuba Urhulumente Ipropati Yolawulo.
Ngexesha edibeneyo-stock inkampani lunika eziliqela okuninzi kuthelekiswa a lohlobo ishishini ukusekwa, mthwalo yokwenza a JSC ngokuqhelekileyo outweighs ukuba a private company limited. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi inyaniso kwi-Russia apho abnormally excessive isemthethweni kwaye bureaucratic imingeni iyonela kububanzi bephepha udibanisa ababonisi base entrepreneurs ngokuqhelekileyo dissuade kakhulu ukususela ekuqaleni a JSC. Ngaphandle kufuneka mba izahlulo kwi private company limited, lenza private limited iinkampani kokukhona flexible xa kufuneka kukho amalungu ukutshintsha umqulu we-imali ye-inkampani. Ngaphaya koko, private company limited unako kunye, okanye nganye bamba ubuncinane a ishumi inzala kwi-yenkampani umqulu we-eyinkunzi, kwaye akanalo igunya isicelo enkundleni expel omnye abathathi-nxaxheba. Zonke oku akunakwenzeka kwi edibeneyo-stock inkampani, okanye prohibitively nzima.
