Okwangoku, ezifana disputes ingaba kakhulu rare kwi-Us
Njengoko kuyo yonke imiba Russian society, Basebenze Ikhowudi kanjalo ubeka a nzima yolawulo mthwalo ngomhla umqeshiNon-kuphunyezwe ngayo yonke le migaqo iya ukubeka umqeshi e a disadvantage yakhe ubudlelwane kunye abasebenzi nabasemagunyeni. Ukuze ukuqinisekisa ukuba amalungelo wanika ngumthetho, umqeshi unelungelo ukuba qiniseka ukuba oluntu zokusebenza umsebenzi ngaphakathi inkampani ngu capable ka-ukulawula yonke imiba asebenze ngendlela enobulungisa, ngaphaya kwaye indlela ekhuselekileyo. Russian basebenza umthetho uvumela ukuba izinto ezichaphazela kunye yabasebenzi kwaye umqeshi ingaba wasebenza, kodwa ibiza kuba isihlwele yemiba ziqwalaselwe. Eyona amaxwebhu ukuba kufuneka iqwalaselwe yi nayiphi na inkampani ngabo basebenza izivumelwano, inkampani imigaqo-nkqubo kwaye statutory ukuxhasa amaxwebhu. Ukususela mzuzu kokuba uqalise ukusebenza kwi, Basebenze Ikhowudi sele undergone iphindwe sihlomelo, ekubeni elungisiweyo textual ambiguities kwaye kwalomgaqo-siseko utshintsho. Yalo engundoqo izibonelelo, nangona kunjalo, bahlala ayitshintshanga. Abanye enkulu izilungiso kuwo ziquka: yabasebenzi kwi-ezithile imisebenzi isiqalo esitsha umsebenzi kaloku ukuba umqeshi isiqinisekiso njengoko nokuba yena sele okanye hasn khange ngonaphakade. criminally convicted okanye prosecuted umthetho ukusebenza restricting amathuba emisebenzi abanye yangaphambili amagosa karhulumente iminyaka emibini emva kokuba ndimke public office: isihlomelo ukwandisa ingcamango ka-calulo kunye nokumisa yolawulo uxanduva kuba dissemination lolwazi malunga izithuba ukuba ziqulathe unelungelo izithintelo.
iinguqu eyongeziweyo izibonelelo Basebenza Ikhowudi kwi safeguards enxulumene ne-ukudibanisa umsebenzi nzulu bangena umkhosi.
Ngowama-: ngqo ban kwi-arhente umsebenzi, apho le umsebenzi yenziwa yi-ngumqeshwa kwi-odolo ye-umqeshi kodwa izinto ezichaphazela kwaye phantsi kolawulo kwaye ulawulo kwelinye iqumrhu, iimfuno kuba iinkampani ukuba ukuqokelela kwaye ngenye indlela inkqubo personal data ka-Russian abemi, kuquka kwi-imisebenzi ubudlelwane phakathi, ukusebenzisa isiseko sedata kwi territory ka-Us. Ukusuka Kwintshona, okanye ubuncinane a European, umfundi ke imbono, isirussian basebenza umthetho akakwazi ukuza njengoko omkhulu surprise.
Luvumela kuba inkululeko isivumelwano phakathi kwamaqela, kodwa ubonelela ezongezelelweyo okukhusela yabasebenzi.
Lo umyalelo wokhuselo iza ukwimo yokumisela ubuncinane imigangatho kuba imisebenzi. Kukho umthetho jikelele kwi-Russian Basebenza Ikhowudi ukuba imiqathango yengqesho kwi-i-umntu asebenze isivumelwano maze bangaphaya abo kuchaziwe Basebenza Ikhowudi kunye neminye enxulumene nomthetho, collective izivumelwano, izivumelwano kwaye lwangaphakathi imimiselo. Ezinye izibonelelo zalo mthetho ingaba inkqubo esisinyanzelo kwaye ayikwazi uguqulwe yi-isivumelwano phakathi kwamaqela. Ngaphandle ukususela ubuncinane imigangatho kwaye inkqubo esisinyanzelo imigaqo, umthetho uqulathe enye ndlela kuba umyalelo wokhuselo ye-lwabasebenzi basefama. Oku kuza ukwimo presumptions abaxhasayo ka-yabasebenzi kwezinye izihlandlo, uninzi iqwalaselekile kwilixa xa ixesha isivumelwano ngu-hayi khona okanye xa kukho akukho kwisivumelwano esibhaliweyo. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuthethi ukuba zonke doubts kwi-wonke kunjalo, kufuneka watyhila ukuba yabasebenzi ke, inzuzo, kwaye nayiphi na asebenze kangangoko ukuyisombulula imbambano kwi-Russia ngu kugqitywe ngokunxulumene imithetho zasekuhlaleni inkqubo apho isicelo zasekuhlaleni disputes (ngokusekelwe zasekuhlaleni umthetho), nje kokuba ufake isicelo ukuba asebenze disputes. Le migaqo, balaseleyo, urhulumente ukuba kwicala ngalinye kufuneka kuvavanya iimeko kwi-apho ke relies yakhe iimfuno okanye yayo objections. A basebenza isivumelwano ubani abe bangena kulo ifomu ezibhaliweyo. Xa kungekho isivumelwano esibhaliweyo, kubalulekile presumed ukuba asebenze isivumelwano sele de facto ukuba bangena ukusuka mzuzu a lwabasebenzi basefama ethe ngqo waqala ukusebenza kunye ulwazi umqeshi okanye phezu kwakhe ukuze okanye umyalelo wakhe ummeli (Aph elinesithandathu Basebenza Code), kwaye yabasebenzi ingaba bonwabele onke amalungelo kuvunyelwa ngumthetho (oku kuza kakhulu ekuthatheni naziphina iziqinisekiso eziqukiweyo isivumelwano kwi-British imisebenzi umthetho). Kwi-kubekho a kwisivumelwano esibhaliweyo, apho emerges umngcipheko ukuba ukuthelekisa intents zamaqela izakuba disregarded, kwaye endaweni yabasebenzi kufumana umyalelo wokhuselo phantsi kakhulu favorable imiqathango ye-sebenza imithetho. Umzekelo, ngolo isivumelwano phakathi umqeshi kwaye lwabasebenzi basefama kusenokuba watyhila njengoko ekubeni i-engaqinisekanga isivumelwano endaweni fixed-igama elinye (Aph Basebenza Ikhowudi). Izilungiso kuwo ukuze sangena ukusebenza ngojanuwari, angenise clarifications ukuba oku kulawula ukuba khusela i-umqeshi ukusuka wrongful izenzo zakhe abasebenzi. omnye Basebenza Ikhowudi ibonelela ukuba omtsha lwabasebenzi basefama wavunyelwa ukuba umsebenzi ngomnye unauthorized yabasebenzi, umqeshi uya kuhlawula omtsha umsebenzi umsebenzi lowo ingaba ngenxa yoncedo ye-umqeshi, kodwa sebenza isivumelwano ayisayi kuthatyathwa zithe bangena. A basebenza isivumelwano nto leyo alifumanisanga uhleli kakuhle ixwebhu sibonwa ukuba abe bangena ukuba yabasebenzi uqalile ukusebenza kunye umqeshi (okanye ummeli wakhe) ukwazi malunga nayo kwaye ivumela kuyo. Nangona kunjalo, umqeshi ubani umsebenzi ukuba bangene isivumelwano esibhaliweyo kunye naye zingaphelanga iintsuku ezintathu emva ukuthelekisa admittance ukusebenza kwaye njalo formalize budlelwane (Aph Basebenza Ikhowudi). I-Russian Basebenza Ikhowudi proclaims inkululeko ukukhetha endaweni umsebenzi. Oku kuthetha ukuba umqeshi ayikwazi thintela yabasebenzi kwi-na iindlela engelilo abo wanikela ngumthetho. Enyanisweni, oku kuthetha ukuba ebizwa-"non-ukhuphiswano clauses"(prohibition ukungena a competitor, njl. njl.), asetyenziswa West kwaye rhoqo ungeniswa kwi-izivumelwano phakathi Western abaqeshi kunye zabo abasebenzi kwi-Russia, babe kuthatyathwa olungasebenziyo. Enyanisweni, imiqathango enjalo ingaba commonly olusetyenziswa yi-abaqeshi. Umngcipheko ukuba enjalo imeko ibe wavakalisa igama akusebenzi entail na thabatha zoko kuba umqeshi, ngaphandle kokuba kuba malunga nenkqubo yolawulo olumanyanisiweyo imfuza yokuba igcine administratively netyala (Aph. amashumi amabini anesixhenxe Basebenza Ikhowudi) Ngumqeshwa kanjalo ingaba i-explicit ilungelo ndazikhupha yesibini umsebenzi kuba omnye umqeshi (Aph Basebenza Ikhowudi khangela Ukudibanisa Imisebenzi). Noko ke, kule meko phezulu ulawulo eli lungelo unakho ukususwa yi-komgaqosiseko kwi-sebenza isivumelwano (Aph Basebenza Ikhowudi).
Umthetho ivumela retaining ka-ngumqeshwa kwi company eliqingqiweyo elithi wavuma kwangaphambili kwi-unxulumano kunye nokunika uqeqesho kwi-inkcitho yezimali enokwenzeka ye-umqeshi (Lobugcisa, Basebenza Ikhowudi).
Umthetho akakwazi ukunika naliphi na ixesha izakhelo njengoko ukuba lixesha elingakanani ngolo obligation ingaba zikho. Ngoko ke, phezulu ukuya enkundleni ukuba umthetho kwi oko kufanelekile. Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko ukuchithwa kwezindlu isivumelwano phambi end layo lokusebenza, ngumqeshwa abo bafumana uqeqesho kwi-umqeshi ke, kufuneka ahlawule iindleko ezinokufumaneka imbuyekezo yabasebenzi kwi indawo ekuyo into ukuze ixesha eliseleyo (Aph Basebenza Ikhowudi). Kunye ne-siseko inkululeko ukukhetha umsebenzi umthetho amise non-calulo yokuba zilawulwe. Oku ndabona ngomhla stages ka-ezama imisebenzi, ekubeni wanikela imisebenzi kunye ngexesha imisebenzi (Aph ezintathu Basebenza Ikhowudi). Umthetho prohibits zonke iifomu ka-calulo ngokusekelwe ngesondo, ngokobuhlanga, nationality, ulwimi, descent, ipropati, loluntu okanye usapho isimo, ubudala, indawo yokuhlala, inkolo, izimvo, iimanyano affiliation, loluntu amaqela ubulungu, kunye nezinye iimeko unrelated ukuba elinolwazi qualities ka-yabasebenzi. Kuphela elinolwazi qualities ye-candidates zibe kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukhetho kwi-nkqubo.
Umsebenzi umgqatswa ayikwazi kwi-siseko thatha isemthethweni intshukumo phezu ekubeni wala imisebenzi abaxhasayo ngomnye umgqatswa.
Ngalo isicelo ka-umgqatswa i-umqeshi kufuneka kumnika ukubhalwa inkcazo ye-motives kuba yakhe hayi ke esikhethiweyo kuba umsebenzi (Aph Basebenza Ikhowudi). Ngojulayi, izilungiso kuwo umthetho"Kwi Imisebenzi kwi-isirashiya", yandise ingcamango ka-calulo kwaye ngokomgaqo-administrative eyimali kuba dissemination lolwazi malunga izithuba ukuba ziqulathe unelungelo izithintelo. Ngoko ke, ukongeza yolawulo eyimali kuba calulo, entsha umthetho ubonelela eyimali kuba dissemination lolwazi malunga izithuba ukuba ziqulathe unelungelo izithintelo. Iinkundla akukho ukuthandabuza kuba ngokubanzi yedwa xa umisela apho qualities mba njengoko a emhlabeni kuba ukwaliwa kwesicelo ukuba hire. Ukususela Basebenza Ikhowudi ngokwayo sheds akukho ukukhanya kwi-mba, Supreme Inkundla yanika abanye clarification yakhe ummiselo wonyaka Ngomatshi, (Isiqendu).
Entendelezweni ke bona, ezifana qualities zingabandakanya elinolwazi imfundo, umsebenzi amava kwaye imeko yempilo. Ngokucacileyo, oku inkcazo ayikho ingakumbi eluncedo Mhlawumbi elizayo precedents uya kumkhonza njengoko ngcono isikhokelo.
Omtsha umthetho sino ezikhankanyiweyo, nokumisa ezongezelelweyo eyimali, ayikwazi kusenokwenzeka nokwandisa inani disputes idibene ne-calulo.
Umvuzo ngamnye msebenzi iya kuxhomekeka yakhe iinkcukacha kwaye ugqityo, quantity kwaye umgangatho umsebenzi kwenzeka.
Bonke-calulo kwi-isicwangciso okanye ukutshintsha umvuzo kunye nezinye yomvuzo ngu prohibited (Aph Basebenza Ikhowudi).
Ihamba kunye non-calulo yokuba zilawulwe, umthetho ivakalisa ezikhethekileyo umyalelo wokhuselo ezithile loluntu amaqela ukwimo inkqubo esisinyanzelo izibonelelo echaphazela le imisebenzi yabasetyhini, abafundi, minors, omnye abazali, yenziwe ukuba ingasebenzi abantu, retired abantu babuyela umsebenzi, imfazwe veterans, njalo-njalo.
Kubalulekile kucetyiswa ukuba gqala applicability ka-ezikhethekileyo imigaqo xa igqiba kwi imisebenzi echaphazela abasebenzi belonging ukuba ezi loluntu amaqela. Kwi-nangona kukho le gradual ukuphuhlisa umthetho kule imeko-bume, isirussian umthetho kwaye yolawulo olululo iifomu zibalulekile. Rhoqo amalungelo nezibophelelo zethu zidaliwe okanye ezilahlekileyo kunye iifomu, ezingachanekanga okanye amaxwebhu nokungabikho iifomu. I-sebenza umthetho yenza akukho okukodwa kule umthetho iselwa i-ephikisana, iifomu rhoqo ize kulawula imicimbi elawula Russian oluntu icebo (HR) imiba. Nangona kunjalo ukuba ifomu amaxwebhu ukususela kowama, njengokuba umthetho, yi recommendation, apho kuqhubeka zikho umthetho i-inani inkqubo esisinyanzelo kuba iimeko ezithile amaxwebhu. Iimfuno iifomu bizani elikhulu yaba ka-ingqalelo kwi-inxalenye ulawulo, kwaye necessity ukusebenzisa iinkonzo ka-experienced HR lwabalawuli okanye HR abacebisi. Nayiphi na omissions echanekileyo drafting lwamaxwebhu okanye nokungabikho kwazo sinokukhokelela ukuba umqeshi ke yokulahla eminye yayo intended amalungelo, ngokunjalo i-ukwanda taxation mthwalo kwaye enokwenzeka eyimali kuba umonakalo othe. I-Russian Basebenza Ikhowudi amise engqongqo kwaye oluneenkcukacha imithetho imigaqo kuba zolawulo abasebenzi kwaye payroll imiba (oluntu zokusebenza yolawulo). Non-ukuthobela le migaqo kunokubangela zoko, kuquka: Ngokunxulumene Russian umthetho, imisebenzi ilawulwa ngumthetho compulsory kwaye eyodwa izibonelelo zomthetho, omnye umthetho kwaye governmental imiyalelo, ngokunjalo imigaqo-nkqubo kwaye imiyalelo (lwangaphakathi imimiselo) esikhutshwe umqeshi, ecinyiweyo basebenza zengqesho. Umthetho rhoqo le enjalo imigaqo-nkqubo kwaye imiyalelo, kwaye, ke ngoko, ukuze ukuthobela umthetho kwaye uyakuthanda isemthethweni umyalelo wokhuselo, umqeshi kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba zonke luyafuneka imigaqo-nkqubo kwaye imiyalelo kwimali isandla. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba Russian basebenza imithetho isicelo zonke basebenza budlelwane nabanye kwi-Russia, nokuba isemthethweni isimo okanye lemveli ye-umqeshi kwaye yabasebenzi. Njalo, basebenze budlelwane involving langaphandle inkampani kwaye langaphandle umntu besebenza Us kubaluleke ngokukodwa limiselwe ngumthetho Russian umthetho (ukuba kwezinye iimeko i-ngamazwe treaty ye-isirashiya avume kufuna ngenye indlela). Nkqu imisebenzi ka-langaphandle oyintloko oluphezulu (i-CEO okanye Umlawuli Jikelele) ingaba kuwa phantsi Russian imithetho. I-imisebenzi ye-Russian ummi okanye kwa foreigner ithunyelwe kwi-Russia ingaba kuwa phantsi Russian umthetho, nkqu ukuba iinqwelo umqeshi akanalo Russian ubuso (Aph elinanye Basebenza Ikhowudi). I-Russian Basebenza Ikhowudi foresees ukuthatha inxaxheba kurhwebo iimanyano kwi-imicimbi enxulumene umbutho kwaye ukuhlawulwa umsebenzi, ngokunjalo ungena kulo ka-collective izivumelwano kwaye collective izivumelwano okanye dismissing union ilungu abasebenzi.
